“Schrenck-Notzing was a German physician, psychiatrist and notable psychic researcher, who devoted his time to the study of paranormal events connected with mediumship, hypnotism and telepathy.
He investigated the medium Eva Carrière and believed the ectoplasm she produced was genuine. However, Schrenck-Notzing did not believe her ectoplasm ‘materializations’ were anything to do with spirits; he claimed they were the result of ‘ideoplasty’ in which the medium could form images onto ectoplasm from her mind.
He published the book Phenomena of Materialisation in English translation (1920), which included photographs of the ectoplasm.
Critics pointed out the photographs revealed marks of magazine cut-outs, pins and a piece of string.”
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